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- BEHAVIOR, Page 84How to Neutralize G.I. Joe
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- A new book gives parents tips on coping with war toys
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- By MELISSA LUDTKE
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- The scene is familiar in countless households where
- children, especially young boys, are at play. A fitful
- four-year-old has just finished watching the latest episode of
- the G.I. Joe cartoon show. Still in a high state of excitement,
- he sets up his G.I. Joe Strategic Long-Range Artillery Machine,
- hollers commands and launches missiles across the room. "A
- direct hit!" he screams. A few feet away, his older brother
- sits in front of the TV, joy stick in hand, mesmerized by a
- Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles video game. Bouncing in his seat
- to the beat of the programmed music, he keeps hitting the
- ATTACK button. "Yeah!" he finally cries. The enemies are all
- dead, and the game is won. All is well.
-
- Or is it? Little boys have always played fighting games, but
- never before have they been egged on by such an overwhelming
- barrage of electronic violence. Never before has make-believe
- mayhem been such Big Business. The typical child takes in four
- hours of action-packed TV a day and watches countless
- commercials from the toy manufacturers that sponsor the shows.
- No wonder sales of war toys in the U.S. rose more than 200%
- during the past decade and exceed $1 billion annually. When the
- kids grow bored with the cartoons and plastic soldiers, they
- graduate to the electronic battlefields of Nintendo, Sega and
- the like, where the violence continues.
-
- For several years, educators and parents have been concerned
- that the proliferation of war toys and games is making children
- more aggressive and desensitizing them to violence. Educators
- Nancy Carlsson-Paige and Diane Levin explore that troubling
- issue in their new book Who's Calling the Shots?: How to
- Respond Effectively to Children's Fascination with War Play and
- War Toys (New Society Publishers; $12.95). According to
- Carlsson-Paige and Levin, the damage being done is even worse
- than just making kids want to fight. TV-based war toys, say
- the authors, can destroy a child's creativity by luring the
- youngster into a pernicious pattern of imitating video
- characters. The book makes a strong case against today's war
- games and offers advice to parents on how to cope with the
- changing world of children's play.
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- In interviews with parents, teachers and day-care providers,
- Carlsson-Paige and Levin found that the strong-arm tactics of
- the Transformers, He-Man, G.I. Joe and other cartoon characters
- spill over into real life. Kids imitate the aggressive behavior
- without always realizing that they may hurt their playmates.
- In the cartoons and video games used as models, there is a lot
- of punching and shooting but very little emphasis on the pain
- such actions can cause. Thus children lose touch with the
- consequences of violence. And when they do hurt someone else
- in their imitative battles, they may not accept responsibility.
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- He-Man did it,'" says Carlsson-Paige, an associate professor
- of education at Lesley College in Cambridge, Mass.
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- The authors believe commercial links between toymakers and
- TV are robbing kids of a precious part of childhood: the
- opportunity to explore their world through imaginative play.
- "Imitation really undermines play," says Carlsson-Paige. Not
- only are contemporary war toys precise replicas of what kids
- see on TV, but most of them are designed for one specific,
- well-defined use. The toy's mission is spelled out on the box,
- just as it is on the show and in commercials. The kids may use
- the toys only to reproduce what is on TV.
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- Ordinarily, children use play to make sense of what they see
- and hear around them. In playing house, they copy their
- parents' patterns but invent a dizzying array of plots and a
- surprising cast of characters to embellish the scene. When
- children imitate what they see on TV, however, they do not sift
- the play through their own experience. "The boys end up
- imitating violence they don't even understand," says co-author
- Levin, an associate professor of education at Boston's Wheelock
- College.
-
- So what is a parent to do? In their book, Carlsson-Paige and
- Levin, who both raised sons who were attracted to war-related
- toys, offer tips for combatting unimaginative play. Among them:
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- -- First, parents can limit their child's exposure to action
- shows and related toys. But even the most diligent mom and dad
- are likely to be defeated if they try to ban war play
- altogether. Too many children in the neighborhood will have the
- toys.
-
- -- Parents should watch how children use their toys. Then
- they can encourage them to add more imaginative props,
- including such common household items as plastic strainers,
- cardboard tubes, fabric remnants and toys like Lego blocks and
- Play-Doh.
-
- -- The play can take creative new directions if parents ask
- children questions about their action figures: "What did G.I.
- Joe have for breakfast?" or "Does Cobra have any children at
- home?" Mom can even suggest giving He-Man a bath after a
- particularly tough battle.
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- Parents who feel strongly about the issue can also lobby for
- more Government regulation. A bill now before Congress, the
- Children's Television Act, would limit the number of
- advertising minutes during children's shows. In a few
- countries, including Sweden, Finland and Norway, toy
- manufacturers have gone so far as to eliminate voluntarily the
- advertising and sale of toys depicting modern warfare. There
- seems to be no chance, however, that U.S. toymakers will forgo
- the billions they make from selling soldiers, tanks and planes.
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- Even so, war toys do not have to take over a child's mind.
- Parents can become more involved in their children's games and
- encourage their young to use all their toys in more creative
- ways. That, in turn, will help the kids rediscover their
- natural instinct for imaginative play.
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- ------------------------------------------------------------ THE
- TOP-SELLING ACTION TOYS
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- 1. TEENAGE MUTANT NINJA TURTLES (reptilian heroes)
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- 2. REAL GHOSTBUSTERS (paranormal rescue squad)
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- 3. G.I. JOE (military commandos)
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- 4. ROBOCOP (metallic avenger)
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